How can developers implement secure file handling to prevent file-based attacks

Question

In my application, I want to ensure secure file handling to prevent file-based attacks, such as malicious file uploads or unauthorized file access. Are there coding practices or specific functions that can help secure the handling, storage, and retrieval of files? I’m particularly interested in methods for validating file types, setting appropriate permissions, and handling file paths securely to avoid risks like directory traversal.

Any recommended practices or examples of secure file-handling techniques would be helpful.

Answer 1

In order to securely handle files and prevent file-based attacks, developers should follow these key practices:

1. Validate File Types

Ensure only allowed file types are uploaded (e.g., images, PDFs). Check MIME type and extension.

const allowedTypes = ['image/jpeg', 'image/png'];
if (!allowedTypes.includes(file.mimetype)) {
    throw new Error('Invalid file type');
}

2. Limit File Size

Set file size limits to avoid excessive uploads. This protects against Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks.

const maxSize = 5 * 1024 * 1024; // 5 MB
if (file.size > maxSize) {
    throw new Error('File size exceeds limit');
}

3. Sanitize File Paths

Avoid directory traversal attacks by sanitizing file paths and using safe storage locations.

const path = require('path');
const safePath = path.resolve(__dirname, 'uploads', path.basename(file.name));

4. Set Correct Permissions

Store files with minimal read/write permissions and ensure they are not executable.

chmod 644 file.txt  # Read/write for owner, read-only for others

5. Store Files in Separate Directory

• Use a directory specifically for file uploads, outside the web root, to prevent direct access.
• Example: Store files in /var/uploads and serve via a controlled access endpoint.