What coding methods can prevent steganography attacks within image files

Question

I’m researching ways to secure image uploads against steganography, where attackers might hide sensitive data or commands within images. I’d like to know what programming techniques or methods could prevent such data from being embedded in images, or to detect steganographic content if it’s already present.

If there are specific libraries, scanning methods, or restrictions to apply to images during the upload process, I’d appreciate recommendations on best practices.

Answer 1

To prevent or detect steganography attacks within image files, you can implement various coding methods that focus on blocking or identifying hidden data.

1. Remove Metadata

• Strip EXIF and metadata during upload to prevent hidden data.
• Use libraries like Sharp in Node.js to do this.

sharp(imageBuffer).withMetadata(false).toFile(outputPath);

2. Limit Image Size/Dimensions

• Set strict file size limits and check for unusual image dimensions.
• Example: Limit file size to 5MB and dimensions to typical ranges (e.g., 300x300 to 5000x5000).

3. Use Steganalysis Tools

Tools like StegExpose detect hidden data in images by checking for anomalies.

stegexpose -p file.jpg

4. Convert to Uncompressed Format

Convert images to uncompressed formats (e.g., BMP) to strip hidden data from compressed formats like JPEG.

sharp(imageBuffer).toFormat('bmp').toFile(outputPath);

5. Verify MIME Type and Extension

Check file MIME type and extension to avoid malicious file uploads masquerading as images.

const mimeType = mime.getType(filePath);
if (mimeType !== 'image/jpeg' && mimeType !== 'image/png') {
    throw new Error("Invalid file type");
}