To get these details, you can use the admin.peers method.
> admin.peer()
This method will return all the details of the connected peers. Along with the IP address, you will also see peer ID, name and port.
The output will look something like this:
[{
ID: 'a4de274d3a159e10c2c9a68c326511236381b84c9ec52e72ad732eb0b2b1a2277938f78593cdbe734e6002bf23114d434a085d260514ab336d4acdc312db671b',
Name: 'Geth/v0.9.14/linux/go1.4.2',
Caps: 'eth/60',
RemoteAddress: '5.9.150.40:30301',
LocalAddress: '192.168.0.28:39219'
}, {
ID: 'a979fb575495b8d6db44f750317d0f4622bf4c2aa3365d6af7c284339968eef29b69ad0dce72a4d8db5ebb4968de0e3bec910127f134779fbcb0cb6d3331163c',
Name: 'Geth/v0.9.15/linux/go1.4.2',
Caps: 'eth/60',
RemoteAddress: '52.16.188.185:30303',
LocalAddress: '192.168.0.28:50995'
} ]