How to prevent password cracking using salting and hashing

Question

I am implementing a password storage system and want to ensure it is resistant to brute-force and dictionary attacks. I know that hashing alone isn't sufficient, and salting is required, but I need clarification on:

• The best hashing algorithms for password storage (e.g., bcrypt, Argon2, PBKDF2).
• How to properly generate and store salts.
• How password stretching techniques help in increasing security.
  A clear example of implementing secure password hashing in Python, PHP, or another language would be helpful.